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Global10000 BCETech launches
Animal domestication in the Fertile Crescent provided renewable food sources, wool, and labor, transforming subsistence economics.
Pigeon keeping or pigeon fancying is the art and science of breeding domestic pigeons. - summary
Syria9650 BCEWars
Early agricultural village shows skeletal evidence of systematic violence and raid warfare, marking the transition to organized inter-settlement conflict.
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī, commonly known as Abu Hurayra, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and considered the most prolific hadith narrator. - summary
Syria9650 BCEDisasters
A volcanic eruption and climate shock (the Younger Dryas) forced the abandonment of one of the earliest Neolithic settlements, reshaping human migration patterns.
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī, commonly known as Abu Hurayra, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and considered the most prolific hadith narrator. - summary
Syria9650 BCEFestivals
Settlement shows evidence of organized social gatherings with possible competitive games among early post-glacial communities.
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī, commonly known as Abu Hurayra, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and considered the most prolific hadith narrator. - summary
Australia9500 BCEDisasters
Evidence of mass burial following environmental catastrophe at one of Australia's oldest known human occupation sites.
Lake Mungo is a dry lake located in New South Wales, Australia. - summary
Iraq9300 BCEWars
Some of the earliest known defensive walls in Mesopotamia reveal organized inter-community conflict and military coordination.
Tell Abu Hureyra is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Upper Euphrates valley in Syria. - summary
Israel9000 BCEFestivals
Cache of ritual objects and masks reveals organized seasonal ceremonial practices in the Levantine Neolithic.
Nahal Hemar Cave is an archeological cave site in Israel, on a cliff in the Judean Desert near the Dead Sea and just northwest of Mount Sodom. - summary
Israel9000 BCEFestivals
Evidence of elaborate ceremonial burial practices and possible inter-group gatherings in Paleolithic Levant indicates early complex social rituals.
Skhul Cave or Me'arat HaGedi is a prehistoric archaeological site situated about 20 kilometres south of the city of Haifa, Israel, and about 3 km (1.9 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea. - summary
Argentina9000 BCEFestivals
Patagonian petroglyphs marking communal hunting grounds and seasonal gatherings of hunter-gatherer bands in South America.
Luiz Antônio Venker Menezes, known as Mano Menezes, is a Brazilian professional football manager who is the head coach of the Peru national team. - summary
Iraq9000 BCEElections
Proto-cuneiform records and temple archives suggest formalized leadership selection processes in earliest Mesopotamian urban centers.
Governance is the overall complex system or framework of processes, functions, structures, rules, laws and norms born out of the relationships, interactions, power dynamics and communication within an organized group … - summary
Iran9000 BCEDisasters
Archaeological evidence of severe climate disruption forced adaptation of early agricultural communities in the Zagros foothills.
The Tepe-class destroyer is a future anti-air warfare guided-missile destroyer class developed by the Turkish Naval Institute and currently under construction for the Turkish Naval Forces. - summary
Global8500 BCETech launches
The herding of sheep and goats in Southwest Asia around 8500 BCE established pastoralism as a major subsistence strategy.
Domesticated animals in the Philippines include pigs, chickens, water buffalo, goats, cats, and dogs. - summary
Palestine8500 BCEElections
Evidence of collective decision-making structures in early Levantine settlements suggests proto-democratic governance practices predating formal political systems.
Abu Ghosh is an Arab-Israeli local council in Israel, located 10 kilometers (6 mi) west of Jerusalem on the Tel Aviv–Jerusalem highway. - summary
China6000 BCEDisasters
Archaeological evidence from the Yellow River valley documents catastrophic flooding events preserved in settlement patterns and artifact distribution.
Beginning in the latter half of the 20th century, artifacts bearing markings dating to the Neolithic period have been unearthed at several archeological sites in China, mostly in the Yellow River valley. - summary
China5500 BCEDisasters
Stratigraphic evidence at Hemudu reveals catastrophic flooding that destroyed early Neolithic settlements, the earliest recorded flood disaster in East Asia.
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. - summary
Iran4000 BCEDisasters
The Susa settlement's inundation from Tigris-Euphrates flooding represents early human adaptation to catastrophic environmental hazard and urban reconstruction.
The recovery model, recovery approach or psychological recovery is an approach to mental disorders or substance dependence that emphasizes and supports a person's potential for recovery. - summary
Global3500 BCETech launches
The wheel, first documented in Mesopotamia, revolutionized transportation, warfare, and craft production across all subsequent civilizations.
A wheel is a rotating component intended to turn on an axle bearing. - summary
Iraq3500 BCESports
Archaeological evidence of organized sporting contests and public games in early Mesopotamian city-states reveals proto-Olympic competitions predating the Greek games by 3,000 years.
Susa was an ancient city in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers in Iran. - summary
Global2900 BCEWars
Sumerian city-states' territorial conflicts, documented in the Stele of the Vultures, represent humanity's first recorded organized military campaigns.
The Early Dynastic Period is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia that is generally dated to c. - summary
Iraq2750 BCEElections
Cuneiform records document the assembly of elders selecting successive kings, revealing Mesopotamia's earliest documented electoral process.
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, responsible for defending the country, the Crown Dependencies, and the Overseas Territories from naval attack or invasion. - summary