Search
1795 matches.
Turkey1923Wars
Six centuries of empire ended not with conquest, but with a pen.
By 1922, the empire that had lasted since 1299 was reduced to Anatolia and a portion of Thrace, its vast territories carved up by European powers following World War I. - summary
Egypt1922Launches
Howard Carter's excavation revealed the best-preserved pharaonic burial and captivated global archaeology.
It thus became the only known near-intact royal burial from ancient Egypt. - summary
United States1921Protests
Interior Secretary Albert Fall's secret oil lease agreements sparked the worst executive corruption scandal until Watergate, defining an era of Progressive Era accountability.
Fall, the interior secretary, who accepted bribes from private oil companies to lease government-owned petroleum reserves that had been set aside by President William Howard Taft to create the Naval Petroleum Reserves. - summary
India1919Wars
British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters in Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds and turning Indian public opinion decisively toward independence.
A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin K… - summary
Ireland1919Wars
The guerrilla conflict between Irish republicans and British forces catalyzed the partition of Ireland and created two independent states.
The Irish War of Independence, also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-mi… - summary
France1918Wars
The Allies' counteroffensive at the Marne turned the tide of WWI, beginning the Central Powers' irreversible retreat.
The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, led by French forces and supported by several hundred Renault FT tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. - summary
United States1918Elections
Republicans seized control of Congress just days before the Armistice, shifting diplomatic leverage as World War I ended.
The Democrats lost twenty-eight seats to the Republican Party in the House of Representatives. - summary
Switzerland1916Festivals
The Cabaret Voltaire performances in neutral Zürich birthed the Dada anti-art movement, a radical cultural rebellion against war, logic, and bourgeois aesthetics during WWI.
Other key figures in the movement included Emmy Hennings, Jean Arp, Johannes Baader, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, George Grosz, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Hannah Höch, Richard Huelsen… - summary
Turkey1916Wars
Gallipoli Campaign Concludes
An Ottoman Empire defeat could have led to unfettered Western control of the Suez Canal and the opening of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits to Allied supplies headed for the Black Sea and warm-water ports in Russia. - summary
Belgium1915Wars
The British nurse's execution for aiding Allied soldiers mobilized international outrage and shaped propaganda narratives during the First World War.
She is celebrated for treating wounded soldiers from both sides without discrimination during the First World War and for helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium. - summary
Australia1915Wars
Churchill's gamble turned into eight months of trenches and blood.
The Australians, in particular, developed a fierce reputation for aggression in the face of impossible odds-charging fixed positions across open ground in attacks that seemed, by any rational calculus, suicidal. - summary
United Kingdom1913Protests
British suffragettes escalated their campaign with arson, bombings, and civil disobedience to demand women's voting rights, reshaping protest strategy.
Organised by Emmeline Pankhurst's Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) to persuade the Liberal government to support votes for women, it is thought to have been the largest demonstration to be held until then in … - summary
Italy1913Elections
Italy's first election under near-universal male suffrage brought together conservative, liberal, and socialist factions in a pivotal moment before fascism's rise.
Both groupings did particularly well in Southern Italy, while the Italian Socialist Party gained eight seats and was the largest party in Emilia-Romagna. - summary
Spain1910Festivals
The Encierro festival in Pamplona formalized the running of the bulls as an organized spectacle, becoming one of the world's most famous and dangerous celebrations.
A running of the bulls is an event that involves running in front of a small group of bulls, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on sectioned-off streets in a town, usually as part of a s… - summary
Italy1908Disasters
The Messina earthquake and tsunami across the Strait devastated southern Italy, killing some 100,000 people in one of history's deadliest seismic events.
Messina, a thriving port city of roughly 160,000 people, was reduced to rubble so thoroughly that rescue workers initially couldn't identify streets or buildings. - summary
France1908Tech launches
Wilbur Wright's public demonstration of powered flight in France provided irrefutable proof of aviation's feasibility to European skeptics and accelerated development.
They made the first controlled, sustained flight of an engine-powered, heavier-than-air aircraft with the Wright Flyer on December 17, 1903, four miles (6 km) south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, at what is now known … - summary
France1906Elections
The exoneration of Alfred Dreyfus ended France's most divisive political scandal and demonstrated the power of public mobilization against judicial injustice.
The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was wrongfully convicted of treason for communicating French military secrets to the G… - summary
United States1906Tech launches
The U.S. Patent Office granted the historic aeronautical patent that legally established the Wrights' foundational claims to powered flight technology and aviator control systems.
They were two Americans who are widely credited with inventing and building the world's first flyable airplane and making the first controlled, powered, and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on December 17, 1903. - summary
