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United States1773Protests
American colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor, escalating tensions toward revolution.
The Boston Tea Party was an act of protest on December 16, 1773 during the American Revolution. - summary
Global1701Wars
This multinational conflict reshaped European power balances and established Britain as a dominant global force through the Treaty of Utrecht.
The death of Charles II of Spain in November 1700 without children led to a contest for the succession between two candidates. - summary
England1688Revolutions
When Parliament invited a foreign army to fix their king problem.
England's political establishment-nobles, merchants, and bishops alike-had spent three decades watching the Stuarts consolidate power at Parliament's expense. - summary
Japan1603Elections
Tokugawa Ieyasu's consolidation of power established a stable, centralized shogunate that would govern Japan for 250 years.
The Edo period, also known as the Tokugawa period, is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional daimyo, or fe… - summary
Mongolia1205Wars
Temüjin unified the Mongol tribes and initiated campaigns that would forge history's largest contiguous land empire by mid-century.
It spanned over seventy years in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty, Western Liao, Western Xia, Tibet, the Dali Kingdom, the Southern Song, and the Eastern Xia. - summary
Italy476Wars
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforc… - summary
Italy79Disasters
Vesuvius's catastrophic eruption buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, preserving Roman life in ash and creating an unparalleled archaeological record.
In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius, a stratovolcano located in the modern-day region of Campania, Italy, erupted, causing one of the deadliest eruptions in history. - summary
Italy216 BCEWars
Battle of Cannae
The Carthaginians and their allies, led by Hannibal, surrounded and practically annihilated a larger Roman and Italian army under the consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. - summary
Greece490 BCEWars
Athens' improbable victory over Darius's invading Persians secured Greek independence and enabled the Classical era's cultural flourishing.
As they struggled to exert authority over the independent-minded Ionian cities, the Persians appointed Greek tyrants to rule each of them, though this would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and th… - summary
Turkey7500 BCELaunches
The largest Neolithic settlement yet discovered demonstrates early urban planning and communal living in Anatolia.
Çatalhöyük, located near the modern town of Çumra in Konya Province, grew into a densely packed community of mud-brick dwellings that housed between 5,000 and 7,000 people at its peak around 7100 BCE. - summary
Fertile Crescent10000 BCETech launches
The domestication of crops and animals fundamentally reshaped human civilization, enabling permanent settlements and population growth across the Near East.
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from the egalitarian lifestyle of nomadic and semi-nomadic hu… - summary
Global130000 BCELaunches
Evidence from South African shell middens and cave sites indicates sustained exploitation of marine resources, marking the earliest systematic coastal occupation.
Homo is a genus of great ape that emerged from the early hominin genus Australopithecus, encompassing a single extant species, Homo sapiens, along with a number of extinct species classified as either ancestral or clo… - summary
Global130000 BCEFestivals
Evidence of ochre pigmentation and possible ritual objects from Middle Paleolithic sites suggests early ceremonial or festive practices marking human cognitive revolution.
Art is a diverse range of cultural activity centered around works utilizing creative or imaginative talents, which are expected to evoke a worthwhile experience, generally through an expression of emotional power, con… - summary
Global130000 BCELaunches
Archaeological evidence from the Levant documents semi-permanent human occupation sites with structured hearths and organized spatial use, prefiguring later settlement patterns.
The earliest developments involved lime plaster vessels, simple Neolithic wares, and decorated forms such as the Yarmukian Pottery. - summary
Kenya130000 BCEFestivals
Evidence of repeated gathering at protected rock shelters with ritual deposits and pigment use suggests early ceremonial or initiatory practices.
The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion. - summary
Germany14200 BCEFestivals
The oldest known deliberate animal burial reveals ceremonial practice and emotional attachment, evidence of proto-religious behavior in the earliest human communities.
During this period, many developments occurred such as the establishment and expansion of a mixed farming and stock-rearing economy, architectural innovations, as well as elaborate art and tool manufacturing. - summary
Japan11000 BCEFestivals
Japan's hunter-gatherer Jomon people establish the world's earliest pottery tradition and evidence of organized seasonal festivals and social hierarchy.
14,000 and 300 BCE, during which Japan was inhabited by the Jōmon people, a diverse hunter-gatherer and early agriculturalist population united by a common culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and… - summary
Kenya10000 BCESports
Archaeological evidence of competitive fishing practices and seasonal gatherings suggests early organized sporting contests among forager communities.
It is the world's largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake. - summary
Global9800 BCEWars
Archaeological evidence from the Jericho region suggests organized conflict between hunter-gatherer bands, representing some of humanity's earliest documented warfare.
The Sheep River provides drinking water for the towns of Diamond Valley, and Okotoks. - summary
Jordan9800 BCESports
Material evidence from Wadi el-Jilat suggests organized hunting competitions and proto-athletic contests among Epipaleolithic communities.
Part of its course runs through a steeply-incised ravine that retains water for much of the year, an unusual feature in the desert region. - summary