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Japan1989Disasters
Japan's Nikkei index reached an all-time high at 38,957, marking the apex of the bubble before the Lost Decade of deflation and stagnation.
More specifically, over-confidence and speculation regarding asset and stock prices were associated with financial policy deemed to exacerbate them. - summary
United States1989Disasters
The worst U.S. environmental catastrophe of its era galvanized modern ocean-spill liability and conservation law.
In 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was listed as the 54th-largest spill in history. - summary
Soviet Union1986Disasters
Catastrophic reactor meltdown in Ukraine kills dozens immediately, contaminates vast territory, and accelerates Soviet Union's legitimacy crisis.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Zone of Alienation, also called the 30-Kilometre Zone or simply The Zone, was established shortly after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. - summary
India1984Disasters
ALREADY COVERED - omitting from recommendations.
Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks of the incident occurring, and another 8,000 or more died from gas-related diseases. - summary
Global1984
On this day (07/18), 42 years ago: McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: James Oliver Huberty kills 21 people and injures 19 others before being shot dead by police.
The perpetrator, 41-year-old James Huberty, fatally shot 22 people, including an unborn baby, and wounded 19 others before being killed by a police sniper approximately 77 minutes after he had first opened fire. - summary
United States1981Tech launches
Columbia's inaugural orbital flight inaugurated the reusable spacecraft era and promised affordable, routine access to space.
Its official program name was the Space Transportation System (STS), taken from the 1969 plan led by U.S. - summary
Poland1980Protests
The Gdańsk shipyard strikes under Lech Wałęsa catalyzed the movement that would dismantle Soviet control across Eastern Europe.
Solidarity or solidarism is the provision of mutual moral and material support among the members of a group in times of need. - summary
United States1977Tech launches
NASA's Voyager 1 and 2 missions departed Earth on multi-decade journeys to explore the outer solar system and interstellar space.
After Voyager 1 successfully completed its flyby of Saturn and its moon Titan, it was decided that Voyager 2 would continue on its pre-planned trajectory to fly by Uranus and Neptune. - summary
United States1977Tech launches
The Very Large Array in New Mexico became fully operational, providing unprecedented radio astronomy capabilities for cosmic observation.
Radio telescopes are the main observing instrument used in radio astronomy, which studies the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, just as optical telescopes are used to make observations in the vi… - summary
United States1977Tech launches
The Apple II arrived at a moment when computers were still room-sized industrial equipment or hobbyist kits soldered together by enthusiasts in garages. - summary
United States1975Tech launches
The Altair 8800 and subsequent early microcomputers democratized computing power, shifting control from corporations to individuals and enabling the software industry.
They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single, non-technical user. - summary
United States1975Tech launches
Gates and Allen launched the software company that would dominate personal computing and reshape the global technology industry.
Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) is a C++ object-oriented library for developing desktop applications for Windows. - summary
Spain1975Revolutions
Franco's death enabled Spain's peaceful transformation from authoritarian rule to a modern constitutional monarchy without civil conflict.
Death of Franco; Spain Transitions to Democracy (1975) - Spain. - summary
United States1975Tech launches
The commercial release of VCRs gave consumers unprecedented control over television, enabling time-shifting and sparking the home video rental industry.
VCRs can also play back pre-recorded tapes, which were widely available for purchase and rental starting in the 80s and 90s, most popularly in the VHS videocassette format. - summary
Chile1973Wars
Pinochet's military overthrow of Allende's democratically elected socialist government became a Cold War turning point and model for Latin American authoritarianism.
The 1973 Chilean coup d'état stands out being the last one as well as one of the most violent and with more far-reaching impact in the history of Chile. - summary
United States1972Launches
The final crewed lunar landing brought geology and human exploration to the Moon's Taurus Littrow valley, ending the era of lunar footprints and sample return.
The first human-made object to touch the Moon was Luna 2 in 1959, and the first crewed mission to land on the Moon was Apollo 11 in 1969. - summary
Canada1971Protests
Greenpeace's founding in Vancouver established the template for confrontational environmental activism and grew into the world's most visible conservation organization.
When the original Vancouver-based Greenpeace Foundation agreed in 1979 to be represented in Greenpeace International the Hawaii-based Greenpeace Foundation joined them, but a schism in 1985 over wildlife campaign goal… - summary
United States1970Protests
National Guard troops fired on anti-war students, killing four and fracturing American society over the Vietnam War and free speech.
Twenty-eight National Guard soldiers fired about 67 rounds over 13 seconds, killing four students and wounding nine others, one of whom sustained permanent paralysis. - summary
United States1969Tech launches
The live television broadcast of Apollo 11's lunar landing reached an estimated 600 million viewers, making it the first global multimedia event.
Until the mid-1980s, broadcast programming on television in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of terrestrial networks. - summary
Italy1966Disasters
Historic flooding of Venice killed over 100 people and destroyed irreplaceable artworks, prompting global conservation efforts and UNESCO intervention.
The combination of a sirocco wind, an Atlantic low-pressure system, and the moon's gravitational pull converged into something rare: an acqua alta of catastrophic proportions. - summary