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Austria1938Wars
Nazi Germany's annexation of Austria violated the Treaty of Versailles and demonstrated Western powers' unwillingness to resist Axis expansion.
Relations between Austria and Germany are close due to their shared history, with German being the official language and Germans being the ethnic group of both nations, and bordering each other. - summary
Spain1937Wars
Nazi and Fascist warplanes obliterated the Basque town on Franco's behalf, pioneering aerial terror tactics that horrified the world.
On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica was aerially bombed during the Spanish Civil War. - summary
United States1934Disasters
The gunned-down deaths of America's most notorious Depression-era outlaws became an iconic moment in criminal history and popular culture.
It comes from the Scots language word "bonnie", or the French bonne (good). - summary
United States1933Launches
FDR's bold economic program fundamentally expanded federal authority and redefined the state's role in managing capitalism and social welfare.
Roosevelt's four terms as president from 1933 to 1945. - summary
Germany1933Wars
How a fire became the match that lit totalitarianism.
The fire gutted the building's interior, destroying the main chamber and leaving investigators scrambling for answers. - summary
United States1932Tech launches
Earhart became the first woman to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic, breaking gender barriers in aviation and celebrity.
Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviator and aviation pioneer who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight. - summary
United States1931Protests
Nine African-American teenagers were falsely accused of rape in Alabama, sparking decades of retrials and becoming a landmark civil rights case.
The landmark set of legal cases from this incident dealt with racism and the right to a fair trial. - summary
Spain1931Elections
Municipal elections toppled the monarchy and installed Spain's Second Republic, setting the stage for civil conflict.
The phrase Spanish Republic at war refers to the Second Spanish Republic during the Civil War of 1936–1939. - summary
Germany1930Elections
The Nazi party's stunning electoral surge in Depression-era Germany signaled the crisis of liberal democracy and democracy's near-fatal vulnerability.
The Basic Law also requires that the federal legislature enact detailed federal laws to govern elections; electoral law(s). - summary
India1930Protests
Gandhi's defiant march to the sea to make salt galvanized mass civil disobedience and challenged British colonial rule.
Mahatma Gandhi at Ashtanga Ayurveda Vidyalaya (1925) was a foundation stone ceremony and public address delivered by Mahatma Gandhi on 6 May 1925 in Calcutta, India. - summary
South Africa1930Elections
White women gained voting rights in South Africa, marking a significant electoral expansion despite the country's segregationist policies.
Women's suffrage, the right of women to vote in elections, emerged as a transformative movement in the 19th and 20th centuries, marking a critical turning point in the struggle for gender equality. - summary
Soviet Union1928Wars
Stalin's forced collectivization campaign seized peasant lands and grain, triggering famine across Ukraine and Kazakhstan that killed millions and consolidated totalitarian control over the economy.
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. - summary
Soviet Union1928Elections
Stalin's radical economic and political consolidation accelerated industrialization while eliminating rivals, fundamentally reshaping the Soviet state and totalitarian governance.
The Soviet First League in football was the second highest division of Soviet football, below the Soviet Top League. - summary
United Kingdom1928Elections
Women gained full voting equality in Britain, doubling the electorate and marking a watershed moment for democratic representation.
It was held to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. - summary
United States1927Tech launches
The Jazz Singer's release with synchronized sound marked the death of silent film and transformed cinema into a fully realized audio-visual medium.
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. - summary
Germany1925Elections
Paul von Hindenburg's election as German President restored conservative legitimacy to the Weimar Republic, yet his 1933 appointment of Hitler would undo that stability.
It was the first direct election to the office of president of Germany, the head of state of the Weimar Republic, and followed the death in office of Friedrich Ebert. - summary
United Kingdom1924Elections
Britain's 1924 election restored Conservative power under Baldwin and ended the first Labour government, reshaping postwar British party competition.
A general election was held in the United Kingdom on Wednesday 29 October 1924, as a result of the defeat of the Labour minority government, led by Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, in the House of Commons on a motion … - summary
United States1924Elections
Coolidge's landslide victory consolidated Republican dominance in the Jazz Age and reflected voter satisfaction with economic prosperity.
The Republican ticket of incumbent President Calvin Coolidge and former Director of the Bureau of the Budget Charles G. - summary
United States1920Elections
The ratification of the 19th Amendment granted American women the right to vote, concluding a 70-year suffrage campaign and doubling the eligible electorate overnight.
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. - summary
