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Global12000 BCEFestivals
The Levantine hunter-gatherers of the Natufian culture left evidence of ritual gatherings, early warfare, and social hierarchies preceding the agricultural turn.
Some evidence suggests deliberate cultivation of cereals, specifically rye, by the Natufian culture at Tell Abu Hureyra, the site of the earliest evidence of agriculture in the world. - summary
France10000 BCEDisasters
Evidence of catastrophic flooding in early Mesolithic settlements, demonstrating how environmental disasters shaped early human migration patterns.
The Vézère is a 211-km-long river in southwestern France. - summary
Iraq9800 BCETech launches
Early animal husbandry of swine provided reliable protein sources and labor, accelerating agricultural settlement patterns.
This included the dog's genetic divergence from the wolf, its domestication, and the emergence of the first dogs. - summary
Global9650 BCEDisasters
The Younger Dryas climate catastrophe (~9650 BCE) triggered the shift from nomadic hunting to sedentary farming in the Levant, fundamentally reshaping human civilization.
Agriculture in Canada is a shared jurisdiction and the department works with the provinces and territories in the development and delivery of policies and programs. - summary
Palestine9600 BCEWars
The siege and destruction of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Jericho represents archaeology's earliest documented walled city conflict and military engineering in the 10000s BCE.
The city, located in the Jordan Valley with the Jordan River to its east, had been a thriving Natufian and early Pre-Pottery Neolithic settlement for centuries. - summary
Turkey9500 BCEElections
One of history's first dense urban communities shows evidence of collective decision-making structures and communal governance practices.
There are many elected offices at state level, each state having at least an elective governor and legislature. - summary
Turkey9500 BCEFestivals
Early Anatolian settlement with evidence of organized communal rituals and shared ceremonial practices.
It lies near the Boğazçay, a tributary of the upper Tigris River and the Bestakot, an intermittent stream. - summary
Egypt9500 BCEWars
The earliest documented evidence of organized warfare between Nile Valley hunter-gatherer groups, marked by skeletal trauma and mass burial sites.
Wadi Hammamat is a dry river bed in Egypt's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Al-Qusayr and Qena. - summary
Egypt9200 BCEDisasters
Rising Mediterranean waters created coastal lagoons, forcing mass migration of early Egyptian settlements and reshaping Nile valley settlement patterns.
The Nile Delta is the delta formed in Lower Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and drains into the Mediterranean Sea. - summary
Palestine9200 BCEFestivals
Evidence of ceremonial architecture and symbolic objects in the Levantine highlands indicates formalized religious gatherings among Neolithic communities.
Teleilat el-Ghassul was occupied for a relatively long period of time during the Chalcolithic era - 8 successive Chalcolithic phases of occupation were identified there, most of them belonging to the Ghassulian culture. - summary
Global9000 BCEDisasters
Early evidence of ecological collapse and resource scarcity affecting proto-agricultural settlements.
A lead guitarist and rhythm guitarist, he is known mostly for his work in the P-Funk collective. - summary
Global8500 BCETech launches
The herding of sheep and goats in Southwest Asia around 8500 BCE established pastoralism as a major subsistence strategy.
Domestication is when a species is selectively bred to produce certain traits that are seen as desirable. - summary
Turkey8000 BCEFestivals
This ritual structure in southern Anatolia represents evidence of early religious ceremonies and shared ceremonial gathering among Neolithic communities.
It lies near the Boğazçay, a tributary of the upper Tigris River and the Bestakot, an intermittent stream. - summary
Turkey5700 BCEDisasters
Environmental catastrophe forced abandonment of one of humanity's earliest cities, illustrating climate's role in proto-historical collapse.
In law, abandonment is the relinquishment, giving up, or renunciation of an interest, claim, privilege, possession, civil proceedings, appeal, or right, especially with the intent of never again resuming or reassertin… - summary
United Kingdom3500 BCEWars
Archaeological evidence of Neolithic warfare in Britain reveals mass casualties and fortified causewayed enclosures marking early organized conflict.
Hambledon Hill is a prehistoric hill fort in Dorset, England, in the Blackmore Vale five miles northwest of Blandford Forum. - summary
Iran3200 BCESports
Cylinder seals from proto-Elamite Susa provide the earliest archaeological evidence of organized athletic competition and spectacle.
Società Sportiva Dilettantistica Athletic Club Palermo, commonly known as Athletic Club or Athletic Palermo, is an Italian football club based in Palermo, Sicily, who compete in Serie D, the fourth tier of the Italian… - summary
Iran3200 BCEWars
One of the earliest documented military conflicts in proto-Elamite territory, evidenced by fortifications and settlement collapse.
Tal Geula Malkin is an Israeli-American cryptographer who works as a professor of computer science at Columbia University, where she heads the Cryptography Lab and the Data Science Institute Cybersecurity Center. - summary
Iran3200 BCEElections
Cuneiform records suggest proto-democratic assembly selection of community leaders in early Mesopotamian settlement.
This is a list of state elections in South Australia for the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, consisting of the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council. - summary
Iraq3100 BCEElections
Early cuneiform records suggest the priesthood of Inanna conducted formal assemblies to choose temple administrators, marking the earliest documented electoral procedure.
Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the 5th and 4th millennium BC. - summary
