# Canonical recap data for The Brexit Referendum (2016)
# Source: https://recap.at/2016/brexit-referendum
# Format: YAML 1.2 (UTF-8). Generated at request time.
slug: brexit-referendum
canonicalUrl: "https://recap.at/2016/brexit-referendum"
wikidataQid: Q21812812
originSignals:
- "wikidata:Q19614301"
- "wikipedia:2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum"
title: The Brexit Referendum
aliases:
- Brexit
- EU referendum 2016
- Leave vote
- UK referendum 2016
subtitle: A single-question ballot, a 1.3-million-vote margin, and the start of the UK's exit from the bloc that defined its postwar economy
lede: On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom voted 51.89% to 48.11% to leave the European Union. The result triggered the resignation of the prime minister who called it, four years of withdrawal negotiations, the formal exit on January 31, 2020, and a continuing argument inside the UK about what it was actually for.
recapType: global_event
eventStatus: historical
startDate: 2016-06-23
endDate: 2016-06-24
datePrecision: day
year: 2016
decade: 2010
country:
name: United Kingdom
slug: united-kingdom
location: United Kingdom
geo:
lat: 51.5074
lng: -0.1278
place: Westminster, London
geos:
- lat: 51.5074
  lng: -0.1278
  place: Westminster, London
  note: "Cameron resigned at 08:18 BST from a podium outside 10 Downing Street."
  date: 2016-06-24
  significance: 95
- lat: 54.5973
  lng: -5.9301
  place: Belfast, Northern Ireland
  note: Voted 55.8% Remain. The Northern Ireland Protocol problem starts here.
  date: 2016-06-23
  significance: 85
- lat: 55.9533
  lng: -3.1883
  place: Edinburgh, Scotland
  note: Voted 62% Remain. Sturgeon called for a second independence referendum within hours of the result.
  date: 2016-06-24
  significance: 88
- lat: 50.8503
  lng: 4.3517
  place: European Commission, Brussels
  note: "Juncker's response: 'Leave means leave.' Negotiations would not begin until Article 50 was triggered."
  date: 2016-06-24
  significance: 80
summaryShort: "June 23, 2016: 17,410,742 Britons voted to leave the EU; 16,141,241 voted to remain. The 51.89%–48.11% margin started a four-year withdrawal that ended UK membership on January 31, 2020."
summaryLong: |-
  On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom held its second referendum on European membership in 41 years. The first, in 1975, had endorsed staying by 67%. The second produced the opposite answer by a 3.78-point margin: 17,410,742 votes to leave, 16,141,241 to remain. Turnout was 72.21% - the highest in any UK vote since 1992.

  David Cameron, the Conservative prime minister who had promised the referendum in his 2015 election manifesto to settle internal party fights about Europe, had campaigned for Remain. He resigned at 08:18 the next morning. Boris Johnson - who had announced for Leave four months earlier in a Daily Telegraph column, having reportedly written two columns and chosen the more politically rewarding one - had been expected to succeed him; he withdrew within a week after Michael Gove turned on him. Theresa May, who had supported Remain quietly, became Prime Minister on July 13. 'Brexit means Brexit,' she said.

  The vote split along recognizable fault lines. Northern Ireland (55.8%) and Scotland (62%) voted Remain decisively. England (53.4% Leave) and Wales (52.5% Leave) carried the result. London (59.9% Remain) and the major university cities voted Remain; the post-industrial Midlands and North voted Leave. Younger voters favored Remain by roughly 2-to-1; voters over 65 favored Leave by roughly 2-to-1. Turnout in safer-Remain seats was lower than in marginal-Leave seats.

  The Leave campaign rested on three claims: that EU membership cost the UK £350 million a week (a figure the UK Statistics Authority called 'misleading' before, during, and after the vote), that immigration was uncontrolled, and that the UK could 'take back control' of its laws and borders. The Remain campaign - 'Britain Stronger in Europe' - leaned on Treasury and IMF forecasts of post-exit GDP losses. The Office of National Statistics later estimated GDP was about 5% lower by 2024 than it would have been on the central forecast trajectory had the UK remained.

  The withdrawal process took 1,317 days from the vote to the formal exit. May's deal was rejected by Parliament three times. Johnson succeeded her in July 2019, renegotiated the Withdrawal Agreement, called a snap election on December 12, won an 80-seat majority on a 'Get Brexit Done' platform, and signed the deal into law on January 23, 2020. The UK left the EU at 23:00 GMT on January 31, 2020. The transition period ended December 31, 2020. The full economic and political consequences continue to play out.
heroImageUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eu_uk_referendum.jpg/1280px-Eu_uk_referendum.jpg"
heroImageCredit: Tumisu via Wikimedia Commons - Union Jack and EU flag, 2016. CC0.
importance: 92
sourceConfidence: 99
keyFacts:
- label: Question
  value: Should the UK remain a member of the EU or leave the EU?
- label: Date
  value: Thursday, June 23, 2016
- label: Result
  value: Leave 51.89% · Remain 48.11%
- label: Leave votes
  value: 17,410,742
- label: Remain votes
  value: 16,141,241
- label: Margin
  value: 1,269,501 votes (3.78 pts)
- label: Turnout
  value: 72.21% (33,577,342 ballots)
- label: England
  value: 53.4% Leave
- label: Scotland
  value: 62% Remain
- label: Wales
  value: 52.5% Leave
- label: Northern Ireland
  value: 55.8% Remain
- label: Formal UK exit
  value: "23:00 GMT, January 31, 2020"
timeline:
- date: 2013-01-23
  title: Cameron promises an in/out referendum
  description: "Bloomberg speech: Cameron pledges to renegotiate EU membership and put the result to a referendum if the Conservatives win the next election."
- date: 2015-05-07
  title: Conservatives win majority on the referendum pledge
  description: General election delivers Cameron a 12-seat overall majority. The referendum becomes inevitable.
- date: 2016-02-20
  title: Cameron announces the referendum date
  description: Negotiated 'new settlement' with the EU; sets the referendum for June 23.
- date: 2016-02-21
  title: Boris Johnson declares for Leave
  description: Then Mayor of London. His Telegraph column reportedly existed in two versions; he chose Leave the day before he announced.
- date: 2016-06-16
  title: Jo Cox murdered
  description: Labour MP for Batley and Spen, a Remain campaigner, is shot and stabbed by a far-right attacker shouting 'Britain first.' Campaign paused 3 days.
- date: 2016-06-23
  title: "Polls close at 22:00 BST"
  description: "Nigel Farage initially concedes around 22:30 based on private polling. Results from Sunderland (61% Leave) hit at 00:17 - the Leave surge becomes visible."
- date: 2016-06-24
  title: Result announced
  description: "07:20 BST. Chief Counting Officer Jenny Watson confirms Leave on 51.89%. The pound falls 8% against the dollar before sterling markets open."
- date: 2016-06-24
  title: Cameron resigns
  description: "08:18 BST. From the Number 10 podium. 'The British people have made a very clear decision to take a different path.'"
- date: 2016-07-13
  title: Theresa May becomes Prime Minister
  description: After Boris Johnson withdraws (June 30) and Andrea Leadsom drops out (July 11), May is the only candidate.
- date: 2017-03-29
  title: Article 50 triggered
  description: May invokes Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union by letter to Donald Tusk. The two-year withdrawal clock starts.
- date: 2019-07-24
  title: Boris Johnson becomes PM
  description: After May resigns when her Withdrawal Agreement is rejected three times by Parliament.
- date: 2019-12-12
  title: Snap election - 'Get Brexit Done'
  description: Conservatives win an 80-seat majority. Labour loses the 'Red Wall' Leave-voting seats it had held for decades.
- date: 2020-01-31
  title: UK leaves the EU
  description: "23:00 GMT. The UK becomes the first member state ever to leave the European Union. Transition period runs through December 31, 2020."
sources:
- provider: Wikipedia
  title: 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum - Wikipedia
  url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum"
- provider: Wikidata
  title: Q19614301 - 2016 UK EU membership referendum
  url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19614301"
- provider: Electoral Commission
  title: Official EU referendum results - UK Electoral Commission archive
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
- provider: House of Commons Library
  title: "Briefing paper: EU Referendum 2016 - analysis of results (CBP 7639)"
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-29
- provider: Library of Congress
  title: Brexit - Library of Congress collection
  url: ""
- provider: Wikimedia Commons
  title: Brexit - media files
  url: ""
- provider: Internet Archive
  title: BBC News election-night coverage, June 23–24, 2016
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-23
- provider: Wayback Machine
  title: Vote Leave campaign site (captured June 22, 2016)
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-22
- provider: Wayback Machine
  title: Britain Stronger in Europe (Remain) site (captured June 22, 2016)
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-22
- provider: GDELT
  title: Global event coverage stream - referendum week
  url: ""
  publishedAt: 2016-06-23
- provider: Open Library
  title: "All Out War: The Full Story of Brexit - Tim Shipman (2016)"
  url: "https://openlibrary.org/works/OL19783040W/All_Out_War"
  publishedAt: "2016"
- provider: Hacker News
  title: HN discussion threads - Brexit, June 23–25, 2016 (Algolia)
  url: "https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=custom&dateStart=1466640000&dateEnd=1466985600&query=brexit&sort=byPopularity&type=story"
  publishedAt: 2016-06-23
related: []
relationships:
- targetSlug: september-11-attacks
  type: echoed
  confidence: 55
  evidence: Both events are pivot points where the Anglo-American post-Cold-War consensus broke. 9/11 ended the unipolar moment externally; Brexit broke its internal political coalition in the UK.
  source: editorial
- targetSlug: wright-brothers-first-flight
  type: caused_by
  confidence: 75
  evidence: Timeline of "The Brexit Referendum" references "Wright Brothers' First Flight" (2 shared tokens incl. title anchor).
  source: ai
- targetSlug: july-revolution-france-1830
  type: caused_by
  confidence: 75
  evidence: Timeline of "The Brexit Referendum" references "July Revolution in France" (3 shared tokens incl. title anchor).
  source: ai
- targetSlug: korean-war-armistice
  type: caused_by
  confidence: 75
  evidence: Timeline of "The Brexit Referendum" references "Korean War Armistice Agreement" (2 shared tokens incl. title anchor).
  source: ai
mediaCoverage:
- publisher: The Sun
  publisherSlug: thesun
  headline: WE'RE OUT!
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  url: "https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1335161/the-suns-brexit-front-page-the-day-britain-voted-to-leave-the-eu/"
  excerpt: Britain has voted to quit the European Union after a bitter four-month battle. Millions of voters defied dire economic warnings to register a stunning protest against the political establishment.
  significance: 90
  type: newspaper
  region: UK
- publisher: The Guardian
  publisherSlug: guardian
  headline: Britain voted for Brexit - and the rest of us are reeling. What now?
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  url: "https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/britain-votes-leave-eu-david-cameron"
  excerpt: Britain has voted to leave the European Union in a stunning rebuke to the establishment and a result that has thrown global financial markets into turmoil. David Cameron has resigned.
  significance: 92
  type: newspaper
  region: UK
- publisher: The New York Times
  publisherSlug: nyt
  headline: "'Brexit' in Britain Could Be First Cracks of E.U. Breakup"
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  url: "https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/world/europe/britain-european-union-brexit.html"
  excerpt: Britain voted on Thursday to leave the European Union, a result that turned the political and economic order on the Continent upside down and amounted to the most stark rejection yet of the European project.
  significance: 88
  type: newspaper
  region: US
- publisher: Bild
  publisherSlug: bild
  headline: Die Briten gehen - Europa erschüttert
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  url: "https://www.bild.de/"
  excerpt: "Die Briten haben entschieden: Sie verlassen die EU. Damit beginnt eine Zeit der Unsicherheit für ganz Europa. Die Märkte reagieren panisch, die Politik steht unter Schock."
  originalLanguage: de
  translation:
  headline: The British are going - Europe shaken
  excerpt: "The British have decided: they are leaving the EU. With that begins a time of uncertainty for all of Europe. The markets reacted in panic, politics in shock."
  significance: 80
  type: newspaper
  region: Germany
- publisher: Le Monde
  publisherSlug: lemonde
  headline: Le Royaume-Uni vote en faveur du Brexit
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  url: "https://www.lemonde.fr/europe/article/2016/06/24/le-royaume-uni-vote-en-faveur-du-brexit_4956997_3214.html"
  excerpt: Le scrutin britannique du 23 juin marque une rupture historique dans le projet européen. C'est la première fois depuis la signature du traité de Rome qu'un État membre choisit de partir.
  originalLanguage: fr
  translation:
  headline: The United Kingdom votes in favor of Brexit
  excerpt: The British vote of June 23 marks a historic rupture in the European project. It is the first time since the signing of the Treaty of Rome that a member state has chosen to leave.
  significance: 85
  type: newspaper
  region: France
peoplesVoice:
- source: 10 Downing Street podium
  voiceType: official
  context: "David Cameron's resignation, 08:18 BST, less than four hours after the result was confirmed. His wife Samantha stood behind him."
  excerpt: I will do everything I can as Prime Minister to steady the ship over the coming weeks and months - but I do not think it would be right for me to try to be the captain that steers our country to its next destination.
  attribution: David Cameron, UK Prime Minister
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  sentimentLabel: grieving
  significance: 95
- source: "Westminster Hall, 04:00 BST result-night address"
  voiceType: official
  context: Nigel Farage's victory speech to UKIP supporters. He had spent twenty years arguing for British withdrawal.
  excerpt: Dare to dream that the dawn is breaking on an independent United Kingdom. This will be a victory for ordinary people, for decent people, for real people.
  attribution: Nigel Farage, UKIP leader
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  sentimentLabel: celebratory
  significance: 80
- source: Edinburgh, Bute House
  voiceType: official
  context: Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland, responding hours after Scotland voted 62% Remain and the UK voted Leave.
  excerpt: Scotland sees its future as part of the EU. We are determined to act decisively to protect Scotland's place in Europe. A second independence referendum must now be on the table.
  attribution: Nicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  sentimentLabel: predictive
  significance: 85
- source: Brussels, European Commission
  voiceType: official
  context: Jean-Claude Juncker's first reaction. The famously-blunt Luxembourger ruled out any informal pre-negotiation.
  excerpt: Out is out. The British voted for Brexit. They have to live with the consequences. We are not going to enter into any kind of secret negotiation.
  attribution: Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  sentimentLabel: dismissive
  significance: 78
- source: Vote Leave campaign HQ
  voiceType: official
  context: Michael Gove, the Conservative justice secretary, on Sky News during the campaign. The line was widely seen as defining the Leave campaign's stance toward experts.
  excerpt: I think the people of this country have had enough of experts from organizations with acronyms saying that they know what is best and getting it consistently wrong.
  attribution: Michael Gove, Justice Secretary
  publishedAt: 2016-06-03
  sentimentLabel: dismissive
  significance: 75
- source: Daily Telegraph column, February 22, 2016
  voiceType: official
  context: Boris Johnson's column declaring for Leave four months before the vote. According to multiple biographers, Johnson wrote two columns - pro-Leave and pro-Remain - and chose the more politically rewarding one.
  excerpt: The more the EU does, the less room there is for national decision-making. Sometimes these EU rules sound simply ludicrous, like the rule that you can't recycle a teabag, or that children under eight cannot blow up balloons.
  attribution: Boris Johnson, MP and Mayor of London
  publishedAt: 2016-02-22
  sentimentLabel: skeptical
  significance: 88
- source: Birstall, West Yorkshire
  voiceType: consumer
  context: Brendan Cox, husband of murdered Labour MP Jo Cox, speaking to the BBC four days after her killing. Her death paused the campaign.
  excerpt: "Jo would have wanted two things above all else to happen now: one is that our precious children are bathed in love, and two is that we all unite to fight against the hatred that killed her."
  attribution: Brendan Cox, widower of MP Jo Cox
  publishedAt: 2016-06-17
  sentimentLabel: grieving
  significance: 70
- source: "Sunderland count, 00:17 BST"
  voiceType: media
  context: BBC presenter David Dimbleby announcing the first major result - Sunderland's 61% Leave was the moment the Remain campaign realized they would lose.
  excerpt: "Sunderland - Leave: 61 percent. Now if that is a pattern, this is going to be a much closer race than anybody thought."
  attribution: David Dimbleby, BBC News
  publishedAt: 2016-06-24
  sentimentLabel: predictive
  significance: 80
gallery:
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eu_uk_referendum.jpg/1280px-Eu_uk_referendum.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Eu_uk_referendum.jpg/800px-Eu_uk_referendum.jpg"
  caption: Union Jack and EU flag - referendum imagery, 2016.
  credit: Tumisu via Wikimedia Commons (CC0)
  width: 960
  height: 640
  alt: The Union Jack flag on the left is separated from the European Union flag on the right by a jagged red dividing line, symbolizing the political and economic split between the United Kingdom and the EU. Both flags are displayed on a textured blue background, representing the contentious division that emerged from the 2016 Brexit referendum.
archiveSnapshots:
- url: "https://web.archive.org/web/20160622180152/http://www.voteleavetakecontrol.org/"
  capturedAt: "2016-06-22T18:01:52Z"
  label: Vote Leave campaign site, day before the vote
  originalUrl: "http://www.voteleavetakecontrol.org/"
- url: "https://web.archive.org/web/20160622150155/http://www.strongerin.co.uk/"
  capturedAt: "2016-06-22T15:01:55Z"
  label: Britain Stronger in Europe (Remain) site, day before the vote
  originalUrl: "http://www.strongerin.co.uk/"
culturalContext:
topMusic:
- title: Black Star
  artist: David Bowie
  year: 2016
  note: Released January 8, 2016 - Bowie's posthumous album. The year's other defining cultural marker.
  referenceCard:
  status: ok
  checkedAt: "2026-07-06T11:40:02.788Z"
topFilms:
- title: I, Daniel Blake
  year: 2016
  note: Ken Loach's Palme d'Or-winning film about UK welfare bureaucracy. Released two months after the vote; widely read as portraying the same towns that voted Leave.
  referenceCard:
  status: ok
  checkedAt: "2026-07-06T11:40:02.788Z"
- title: "Brexit: The Uncivil War"
  year: 2019
  note: Channel 4 / HBO TV film starring Benedict Cumberbatch as Vote Leave's Dominic Cummings. The first major cinematic account.
  referenceCard:
  status: ok
  checkedAt: "2026-07-06T11:40:02.788Z"
topTVShows:
- title: Question Time (BBC)
  year: 2016
  note: The campaign's most-watched political panel show. Three Brexit specials drew the highest non-final audience figures of the year.
  referenceCard:
  status: not_found
  checkedAt: "2026-07-06T11:40:02.788Z"
zeitgeistNote: June 2016 was when the post-1990s liberal consensus visibly cracked in a Western democracy for the first time. The Trump election followed in November. Brexit and Trumpism were repeatedly conflated by international commentators; the on-the-ground politics were different but the cultural fault lines mapped.
comparisonThenNow:
- metric: UK GDP (relative to OECD pre-vote forecast)
  thenValue: On trend (June 2016)
  thenYear: 2016
  nowValue: ≈5% below the pre-vote forecast trend
  nowYear: 2024
  note: OBR + ONS estimates, mid-range of published academic studies.
- metric: GBP/USD
  thenValue: 1.488 (close, June 23, 2016)
  thenYear: 2016
  nowValue: ≈1.27 (2024 avg)
  nowYear: 2024
  note: Sterling fell 8% in the 24 hours after the vote and has not recovered the pre-vote level.
- metric: Net annual migration to the UK
  thenValue: 335,000 (2016)
  thenYear: 2016
  nowValue: 685,000 (2023)
  nowYear: 2023
  note: EU migration fell sharply; non-EU migration more than offset it.
- metric: UK MEPs in European Parliament
  thenValue: "73"
  thenYear: 2016
  nowValue: 0 (UK left Jan 31, 2020)
  nowYear: 2024
- metric: Northern Ireland's status
  thenValue: Full EU member via UK; soft border with the Republic of Ireland
  thenYear: 2016
  nowValue: In the EU single market for goods (Windsor Framework); checks on UK→NI trade
  nowYear: 2024
impactStatement: Brexit removed the UK from the single market and customs union it had helped design over forty-seven years. The 2016 question - 'Should the UK remain a member of the EU or leave the EU?' - produced a binary answer; the implementation produced four years of negotiation, a constitutional crisis, two new prime ministers, and a still-unresolved Northern Ireland question. Economic effects estimated by the OBR + most academic studies in the range of −4% to −6% of GDP by 2024. The political effects - the realignment of the Conservative coalition around Leave voters, the collapse of Labour's Red Wall, the renewed momentum for Scottish independence - are still unfolding.
consequences:
- title: Cameron resigns; Theresa May becomes PM
  year: 2016
  description: Cameron resigns within hours. May, a quiet Remainer, becomes PM on July 13. 'Brexit means Brexit.'
- title: Article 50 triggered
  year: 2017
  description: March 29, 2017. Two-year withdrawal clock starts. The UK's negotiating position turns out to be weaker than expected.
- title: Withdrawal Agreement reached, rejected, reached again
  year: 2019
  description: May's deal rejected three times by Parliament. May resigns. Johnson renegotiates the Northern Ireland Protocol; his deal passes after the December 2019 election.
- title: UK formally leaves the EU
  year: 2020
  description: "January 31, 2020, 23:00 GMT. First country ever to leave. Transition period runs through December 31, 2020."
- title: Northern Ireland Protocol becomes a chronic crisis
  year: 2021
  description: Customs checks on goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland fuel ongoing unionist anger. The Windsor Framework (2023) modifies but does not resolve the underlying problem.
- title: EU citizens' UK residence rights
  year: 2021
  description: Settled Status scheme grants residence to ~6 million EU citizens. Free movement ends; UK adopts a points-based immigration system.
- title: Scotland renews push for independence
  year: 2023
  description: UK Supreme Court rules in November 2022 that the Scottish Parliament cannot unilaterally call a referendum. The political question remains live.
categories:
- election
taxonomy:
domain: political
eventTypes:
- referendum
canonicalClasses:
- governance
- transformation
impactRadius: regional
velocity: sudden
predictability: scheduled
intentionality: planned
domainCoupling: systemic
lifecycleClass: transition
metaDescription: "June 23, 2016: The UK voted 51.89%–48.11% to leave the European Union. The hour-by-hour story of the result, the resignations, and the four years of withdrawal that followed."
relatedQueries:
- David Cameron Brexit referendum 2016
- Nigel Farage Leave campaign
- Boris Johnson Vote Leave
- Gina Miller Article 50 legal challenge
- Brexit transition period January 2020
- EU withdrawal agreement Theresa May
- 2016 referendum regional voting results
- Leave.eu campaign Cambridge Analytica
translations:
es:
lede: El 23 de junio de 2016, el Reino Unido votó 51,89% a favor de 48,11% en contra para abandonar la Unión Europea. El resultado provocó la renuncia del primer ministro que lo convocó, cuatro años de negociaciones de retirada, la salida formal el 31 de enero de 2020 y una disputa continua dentro del Reino Unido sobre para qué era realmente.
summaryShort: "23 de junio de 2016: 17.410.742 británicos votaron a favor de abandonar la UE; 16.141.241 votaron a favor de permanecer. El margen de 51,89%–48,11% inició una retirada de cuatro años que terminó la membresía del Reino Unido el 31 de enero de 2020."
summaryLong: Johnson se retiró el 30 de junio de 2016, el mismo día que Michael Gove anunció que buscaría el liderazgo por sí mismo en lugar de respaldar a Johnson.
generatedAt: "2026-05-21T11:58:22.821Z"
fr:
lede: Le 23 juin 2016, le Royaume-Uni a voté à 51,89 % contre 48,11 % pour quitter l'Union européenne. Le résultat a déclenché la démission du premier ministre qui l'avait convoqué, quatre années de négociations de retrait, la sortie officielle le 31 janvier 2020, et une controverse persistante au Royaume-Uni sur ses véritables objectifs.
summaryShort: "23 juin 2016 : 17 410 742 Britanniques ont voté pour quitter l'UE ; 16 141 241 ont voté pour rester. La marge de 51,89 % à 48,11 % a déclenché un retrait de quatre ans qui a mis fin à l'appartenance du Royaume-Uni le 31 janvier 2020."
summaryLong: Johnson s'est retiré le 30 juin 2016, le même jour où Michael Gove a annoncé qu'il chercherait lui-même le leadership plutôt que de soutenir Johnson.
generatedAt: "2026-05-21T11:58:25.362Z"
de:
lede: Am 23. Juni 2016 stimmte das Vereinigte Königreich mit 51,89% zu 48,11% dafür, die Europäische Union zu verlassen. Das Ergebnis führte zum Rücktritt des Premierministers, der die Abstimmung angesetzt hatte, zu vier Jahren Austrittsverhandlungen, zum formellen Austritt am 31. Januar 2020 und zu einer andauernden Debatte im Vereinigten Königreich über den eigentlichen Zweck.
summaryShort: "23. Juni 2016: 17.410.742 Briten stimmten für einen Austritt aus der EU; 16.141.241 stimmten dafür zu bleiben. Die Marge von 51,89%–48,11% löste einen vierjährigen Austritt aus, der die britische EU-Mitgliedschaft am 31. Januar 2020 beendete."
summaryLong: Johnson trat am 30. Juni 2016 zurück, dem gleichen Tag, an dem Michael Gove ankündigte, dass er selbst für die Führungsposition kandidieren würde, anstatt Johnson zu unterstützen.
generatedAt: "2026-05-21T11:58:28.933Z"
heroImageAlt: The Union Jack flag on the left is separated from the European Union flag on the right by a jagged red dividing line, symbolizing the political and economic split between the United Kingdom and the EU. Both flags are displayed on a textured blue background, representing the contentious division that emerged from the 2016 Brexit referendum.
