# Canonical recap data for Gallipoli Campaign Concludes (1916)
# Source: https://recap.at/1916/gallipoli-campaign-concludes
# Format: YAML 1.2 (UTF-8). Generated at request time.
slug: gallipoli-campaign-concludes
canonicalUrl: "https://recap.at/1916/gallipoli-campaign-concludes"
title: Gallipoli Campaign Concludes
aliases:
- Dardanelles Campaign
- Defence of Gallipoli
- Battle of Gallipoli
- Gallipoli 1915-1916
subtitle: Gallipoli Campaign Concludes
recapType: global_event
eventStatus: concluded
startDate: 1915-04-25
endDate: 1916-01-09
datePrecision: day
year: 1916
decade: 1910
country:
name: Turkey
slug: turkey
summaryShort: The Gallipoli campaign, the Dardanelles campaign, the Defence of Gallipoli or the Battle of Gallipoli was a military campaign in the First World War on the Gallipoli Peninsula from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Allied powers unsuccessfully attempted to make the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, capit
summaryLong: The Gallipoli campaign, the Dardanelles campaign, the Defence of Gallipoli or the Battle of Gallipoli was a military campaign in the First World War on the Gallipoli Peninsula from 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916. The Allied powers unsuccessfully attempted to make the Ottoman Empire, one of the Central Powers, capitulate by taking control of the Turkish straits. They intended to expose the Ottoman capital at Constantinople to bombardment by Allied warships and cut it off from the Asian part of the empire. An Ottoman Empire defeat could have led to unfettered Western control of the Suez Canal and the opening of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits to Allied supplies headed for the Black Sea and warm-water ports in Russia.
lede: British and French forces launched an ambitious amphibious assault on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey between February 1915 and January 1916, hoping to knock the Ottoman Empire out of World War I by securing a sea route to Russia. After nearly a year of brutal fighting in difficult terrain, with tens of thousands dead on both sides, the Allies withdrew in defeat-a strategic failure that reshaped how military planners thought about combined operations.
heroImageUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg/1280px-G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg"
heroImageCredit: Wikipedia · "Gallipoli campaign"
importance: 50
sourceConfidence: 75
keyFacts:
- label: Campaign duration
  value: 19 February 1915 to 9 January 1916
- label: Allied casualties
  value: Approximately 187,000
- label: Ottoman casualties
  value: Approximately 251,000
- label: Primary commanders
  value: "British: Edmund Allenby, Ian Hamilton; Ottoman: Mustafa Kemal"
- label: Major landings
  value: ANZAC Cove (April 1915), Suvla Bay (August 1915)
- label: Strategic objective
  value: Secure Dardanelles Strait; open sea route to Russia; force Ottoman surrender
- label: Outcome
  value: Complete Allied withdrawal; Ottoman strategic victory
- label: Terrain challenge
  value: Steep cliffs, narrow beaches, entrenched defensive positions
timeline:
- date: 1915-02-19
  title: Naval bombardment begins
  description: British and French warships open fire on Ottoman coastal fortifications at the entrance to the Dardanelles Strait.
- date: 1915-04-25
  title: ANZAC and British landings
  description: Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) land at what becomes ANZAC Cove; British forces land at Cape Helles. Both face fierce Ottoman resistance from the outset.
- date: 1915-05-19
  title: Ottoman counteroffensive
  description: Ottoman forces under Mustafa Kemal launch a major assault on ANZAC positions, suffering heavy casualties but preventing Allied breakout.
- date: 1915-08-06
  title: Suvla Bay landing
  description: British attempt a new landing at Suvla Bay to outflank Ottoman defenses, but coordination failures and Ottoman reinforcements under Kemal's command contain the beachhead.
- date: 1915-12-01
  title: Decision to evacuate
  description: British military leadership decides to withdraw all forces from Gallipoli after failing to break through Ottoman lines or achieve any strategic objective.
- date: 1916-01-09
  title: Final evacuation completed
  description: The last Allied troops depart Gallipoli. The campaign ends in complete failure, with the Ottoman Empire remaining in the war until 1918.
sources:
- url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign"
  title: Gallipoli campaign
  provider: Wikipedia
related: []
impactStatement: "Gallipoli stands as one of World War I's costliest stalemates: the Allies suffered roughly 187,000 casualties without achieving their objective, while Ottoman forces lost approximately 251,000 men. The campaign vindicated defensive doctrine, exposed fatal gaps in amphibious planning, and became a defining national trauma for Australia and New Zealand, whose forces bore the heaviest burden. It also demonstrated that geographic proximity to an enemy and numerical advantage meant little without tactical coordination and realistic objectives."
categories:
- war
taxonomy:
domain: military
eventTypes:
- invasion
- occupation
- ceasefire
canonicalClasses:
- conflict
- collapse
impactRadius: global
velocity: gradual
predictability: forecastable
intentionality: planned
domainCoupling: multi_domain
lifecycleClass: decline
metaDescription: British, French, and ANZAC forces fail to break Ottoman defenses at Gallipoli, 1915-1916. A pivotal WWI defeat.
wikidataQid: Q164983
archiveSnapshots:
- url: "https://web.archive.org/web/20260530005906/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign"
  capturedAt: 2026-05-30
  label: Gallipoli campaign
  originalUrl: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign"
gallery:
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg/1280px-G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg/800px-G.C._18_March_1915_Gallipoli_Campaign_Article.jpg"
  caption: Gallipoli campaign
  credit: Wikipedia · "Gallipoli campaign"
  width: 330
  height: 449
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ANZAC_Mudros_harbourl_1915_SLNSW_FL685794.jpg/1280px-ANZAC_Mudros_harbourl_1915_SLNSW_FL685794.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ANZAC_Mudros_harbourl_1915_SLNSW_FL685794.jpg/800px-ANZAC_Mudros_harbourl_1915_SLNSW_FL685794.jpg"
  caption: ANZAC Mudros harbourl 1915 SLNSW FL685794
  credit: HC Marshall
  width: 5249
  height: 3408
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Night_attack_by_Turkish_troops_on_the_left_wing_of_the_English_positions_near_Achi_Baba_on_Gallipoli.png/1280px-Night_attack_by_Turkish_troops_on_the_left_wing_of_the_English_positions_near_Achi_Baba_on_Gallipoli.png"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Night_attack_by_Turkish_troops_on_the_left_wing_of_the_English_positions_near_Achi_Baba_on_Gallipoli.png/800px-Night_attack_by_Turkish_troops_on_the_left_wing_of_the_English_positions_near_Achi_Baba_on_Gallipoli.png"
  caption: Night attack by Turkish troops on the left wing of the English positions near Achi Baba on Gallipoli
  credit: Arthur C. Michael
  width: 1994
  height: 1212
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/James_Burton_Gibson_%281889-1915%29_obituary.jpg/1280px-James_Burton_Gibson_%281889-1915%29_obituary.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/James_Burton_Gibson_%281889-1915%29_obituary.jpg/800px-James_Burton_Gibson_%281889-1915%29_obituary.jpg"
  caption: James Burton Gibson (1889-1915) obituary
  credit: Unknown authorUnknown author
  width: 742
  height: 872
