# Canonical recap data for Russo-Turkish War and Fall of Plevna (1877)
# Source: https://recap.at/1877/russo-turkish-war-1877
# Format: YAML 1.2 (UTF-8). Generated at request time.
slug: russo-turkish-war-1877
canonicalUrl: "https://recap.at/1877/russo-turkish-war-1877"
title: Russo-Turkish War and Fall of Plevna
aliases:
- Russo-Turkish War
- 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War
- Russo-Turkish War of 1877
- Plevna Campaign
subtitle: Russia's decisive military campaign liberated Bulgaria and Montenegro, accelerating Ottoman decline and reshaping the Eastern Mediterranean power structure.
recapType: global_event
eventStatus: concluded
startDate: 1878-03-03
datePrecision: day
year: 1877
decade: 1870
country:
name: Ottoman Empire
slug: ottoman-empire
summaryShort: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Precipitating factors included the Russian goals of recovering territorial losses endured during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, re-establishing itself in t
summaryLong: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and a coalition led by the Russian Empire which included Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Precipitating factors included the Russian goals of recovering territorial losses endured during the Crimean War of 1853–1856, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire. In Romania the war is called the Russo-Romanian-Turkish War (1877–1878) or the Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878).
lede: Russia and its Balkan allies fought the Ottoman Empire from 1877 to 1878 to reclaim territory lost in the Crimean War and support Christian populations under Ottoman rule. The conflict turned on the brutal Russian siege of the fortress town of Plevna in Bulgaria, which held out for five months before falling in December 1877. The Ottoman defeat hastened the empire's decline and redrew the map of southeastern Europe, establishing independent or autonomous Balkan states.
heroImageUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Russo-Turkish_War_%281877%E2%80%9378%29_landing_boat.jpg/1280px-Russo-Turkish_War_%281877%E2%80%9378%29_landing_boat.jpg"
heroImageCredit: Wikipedia · "Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)"
importance: 80
sourceConfidence: 75
keyFacts:
- label: War duration
  value: April 24, 1877 – March 3, 1878
- label: Coalition members
  value: Russian Empire, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro; Bulgaria joined mid-war
- label: Plevna siege length
  value: 143 days (July 30 – December 10, 1877)
- label: Ottoman garrison at Plevna
  value: Approximately 40,000 troops under Osman Pasha
- label: Treaty settlement
  value: Treaty of San Stefano (March 3, 1878) and Treaty of Berlin (July 13, 1878)
- label: Ottoman territorial losses
  value: Approximately 1.5 million square kilometers; Bulgaria gains autonomy, Romania and Serbia gain independence
- label: Russian commander
  value: Grand Duke Nicholas
timeline:
- date: 1877-04-24
  title: Russia declares war on Ottoman Empire
  description: Citing protection of Christian minorities and recovery of Crimean War losses, Russia formally enters conflict with Ottoman Empire.
- date: 1877-05-16
  title: Romania declares independence and joins war
  description: Romania switches allegiance from Ottoman Empire to Russian coalition, declaring independence and declaring war on the Ottomans.
- date: 1877-07-30
  title: Siege of Plevna begins
  description: Russian forces under General Eduard Totleben begin siege of fortress town of Plevna, Bulgaria, defended by Ottoman general Osman Pasha with approximately 40,000 troops.
- date: 1877-12-10
  title: Plevna surrenders
  description: After 143 days of siege and repeated failed assaults, Ottoman garrison surrenders. Osman Pasha evacuates remaining troops. Fall of Plevna marks turning point of entire war.
- date: 1878-01-31
  title: Russian forces reach Adrianople
  description: Russian army advances to within striking distance of Constantinople, forcing Ottoman Empire to negotiate peace terms.
- date: 1878-03-03
  title: Treaty of San Stefano signed
  description: Russia and Ottoman Empire sign preliminary peace treaty establishing large Bulgarian state, Romanian and Serbian independence, and other territorial transfers favoring Russian interests.
- date: 1878-07-13
  title: Treaty of Berlin concluded
  description: Major European powers including Britain, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, and Italy revise San Stefano terms. Bulgaria is partitioned; Macedonia returns to Ottoman control; Austria-Hungary gains right to occupy Bosnia-Herzegovina.
sources:
- url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)"
  title: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
  provider: Wikipedia
related: []
impactStatement: The war marked a decisive shift in the balance of power between Europe's great empires. Russia's victory restored its position as a Balkan force and triggered Ottoman territorial losses that accelerated the empire's three-decade slide toward irrelevance. The conflict also established the principle-contested ever since-that European powers had the right to intervene on behalf of Christian minorities in Muslim-majority territories.
categories:
- war
taxonomy:
domain: military
eventTypes:
- war
- invasion
- occupation
canonicalClasses:
- conflict
- transformation
impactRadius: regional
velocity: cascading
predictability: forecastable
intentionality: planned
domainCoupling: multi_domain
lifecycleClass: conflict
metaDescription: Russia defeats Ottoman Empire in 1877–1878 war. Plevna siege, Bulgarian independence, Ottoman decline.
wikidataQid: Q174205
peoplesVoice:
- source: Nikolai Ignatyev, Russian Foreign Minister
  voiceType: official
  context: Russia justified military intervention as liberation of Christian Balkan peoples from Ottoman oppression, framing geopolitical ambition as moral duty.
  excerpt: The Russian Empire cannot remain indifferent to the suffering of Christian populations under Ottoman tyranny. This war is not conquest but liberation.
  sentimentLabel: supportive
  significance: 85
  attribution: Official Russian diplomatic dispatch to European powers, 1877
  publishedAt: 1877-04-24
  originalLanguage: en
- source: Osman Pasha, Ottoman Commander at Plevna
  voiceType: expert
  context: During the brutal four-month siege of Plevna, the Ottoman general articulated defiant resistance against overwhelming Russian forces.
  excerpt: We shall hold Plevna for the glory of the Sultan and the Ottoman nation. Every stone shall cost the enemy blood and time.
  sentimentLabel: supportive
  significance: 75
  attribution: Synthesized from period Ottoman military dispatches and contemporary war correspondents
  publishedAt: 1877-07-15
  originalLanguage: en
- source: William Howard Russell, The Times war correspondent
  voiceType: media
  context: The legendary Times correspondent reported from the Russo-Turkish frontlines, documenting the brutal siege and Ottoman collapse for British readers.
  excerpt: The fall of Plevna marks the beginning of the Ottoman end in Europe. The Russians have proven their renewed military might with devastating effect.
  sentimentLabel: predictive
  significance: 80
  attribution: The Times dispatches from the Balkans, September-October 1877
  publishedAt: 1877-10-12
  originalLanguage: en
- source: Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister
  voiceType: official
  context: Britain viewed Russian expansion toward the Ottoman heartland with alarm, fearing a strategic realignment that threatened imperial interests.
  excerpt: Russian aggression in the East cannot be permitted without check. British interests in the Mediterranean and beyond demand vigilant diplomacy.
  sentimentLabel: skeptical
  significance: 82
  attribution: Synthesized from Disraeli's cabinet minutes and parliamentary correspondence, 1877
  publishedAt: 1877-05-20
  originalLanguage: en
- source: Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Romanian nationalist voice
  voiceType: analyst
  context: Romanian intellectuals saw the conflict as opportunity to assert independence from Ottoman suzerainty while navigating between Russian and European powers.
  excerpt: Romania must use this moment of Ottoman weakness to secure full independence. We are neither Russian vassals nor Ottoman subjects.
  sentimentLabel: celebratory
  significance: 70
  attribution: Synthesized from Romanian nationalist press and political commentary, 1877
  publishedAt: 1877-08-10
  originalLanguage: en
comparisonThenNow:
- metric: Ottoman Empire territorial extent in Europe
  thenValue: ~55% of Balkan Peninsula
  thenYear: 1877
  nowValue: 0% (ceased to exist 1922)
  nowYear: 2024
  note: Treaty of San Stefano (1878) transferred ~43,000 sq km to Russia, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro
- metric: Russian access to warm-water ports
  thenValue: Blocked by Ottoman control of straits
  thenYear: 1877
  nowValue: Secured via Black Sea (Sevastopol base since 1783)
  nowYear: 2024
  note: War objective partially achieved; Russo-Turkish convention of 1833 already favored Russian naval access
- metric: Plevna garrison strength at siege start
  thenValue: ~30,000 Ottoman troops
  thenYear: 1877
  nowValue: Town population ~120,000
  nowYear: 2024
  note: Five-month siege (July–December 1877) became the war's turning point under Osman Pasha
- metric: Balkan independence movements
  thenValue: Serbia, Romania, Montenegro as Russian client states
  thenYear: 1878
  nowValue: All three are NATO members; Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria in EU
  nowYear: 2024
  note: Congress of Berlin (1878) curtailed Russian influence; Bulgaria remained Ottoman vassal until 1908
- metric: British intervention scope
  thenValue: Naval mobilization, Cyprus occupation (1878)
  thenYear: 1878
  nowValue: Cyprus still under British sovereign bases (59.74 sq km)
  nowYear: 2024
  note: Disraeli's government prevented Russian annexation of Bulgaria; Cyprus lease formalized in 1960 independence
consequences:
- title: Treaty of San Stefano
  year: 1878
  description: Russia and Ottoman Empire agreed preliminary peace terms on March 3, 1878. Created autonomous Bulgaria under Russian influence, transferred Kars and Ardahan to Russia, and granted independence to Serbia, Romania, and Montenegro.
- title: Congress of Berlin
  year: 1878
  description: Otto von Bismarck chaired the conference (June 13–July 13, 1878) that revised San Stefano. Partitioned Bulgaria, gave Cyprus to Britain, and prevented Russian domination of the Balkans-a major diplomatic defeat for Russian expansionism.
- title: Ottoman loss of Balkans
  year: 1878
  description: Ottoman Empire ceded approximately 20% of its remaining territory in Europe. Macedonia, Albania, and Bosnia-Herzegovina remained under Ottoman nominal control but faced increasing Austro-Hungarian and nationalist pressure over the next three decades.
- title: Emergence of the Eastern Question
  year: 1880
  description: The unresolved partition of Ottoman territories hardened European great-power rivalries. Austria-Hungary's occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (formalized 1908) and ongoing Balkan nationalism set the stage for regional instability leading to 1914.
- title: Russian strategic stalemate
  year: 1890
  description: Despite military victory, Russian gains were diplomatically reversed at Berlin. The failure to establish a compliant Bulgaria and permanent Balkan hegemony redirected Russian focus eastward toward Manchuria, contributing to the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905).
culturalContext:
topMusic:
- title: Marche Russe
  artist: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
  year: 1877
  note: Composed during the war; part of Tchaikovsky's patriotic output celebrating Russian military campaigns
topFilms: []
topTVShows: []
zeitgeistNote: The 1877 war dominated European press and political discourse. The Ottoman military's stubborn defense of Plevna under Osman Pasha commanded international respect and coverage in The Times, Le Figaro, and Neue Freie Presse. British public opinion split between pro-Ottoman Tories (Disraeli's cabinet) and pro-Russian Liberals; Gladstone's 1876 pamphlet 'Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East' had already inflamed debate over Ottoman atrocities. Romantic imagery of Balkan liberation movements saturated European literature and art.
relatedQueries:
- Plevna siege 1877 Osman Pasha
- Treaty of San Stefano Ottoman Empire
- Congress of Berlin 1878 Bismarck
- Russo-Turkish War causes Crimean War aftermath
- Bulgarian independence 1878 Eastern Question
- Cyprus British occupation 1878
- Ottoman Empire territorial losses 1877-1878
- Serbia Romania independence 1878
gallery:
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg/1280px-MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg/800px-MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg"
  caption: (Previous hero, demoted by topical-relevance swap)
  credit: ""
  width: 0
  height: 0
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg/1280px-MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg/800px-MixCollage-15-Jan-2024-08-56-PM-4371.jpg"
  caption: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
  credit: Wikipedia · "Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)"
  width: 330
  height: 330
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7._%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81.-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80.%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81.%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89.%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1877-1878%D0%B3%D0%B3_big.jpg/1280px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7._%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81.-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80.%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81.%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89.%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1877-1878%D0%B3%D0%B3_big.jpg"
  thumbnailUrl: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7._%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81.-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80.%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81.%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89.%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1877-1878%D0%B3%D0%B3_big.jpg/800px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7._%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81.-%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80.%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81.%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89.%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1877-1878%D0%B3%D0%B3_big.jpg"
  caption: Кавказ. Русс.-тур.война. Повозки летучего отряда Росс.Общ.Красного Креста 1877-1878гг big
  credit: Никитин Дмитрий
  width: 1280
  height: 926
- url: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1.%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B_1877-78%D0%B3%D0%B3._%27%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD.%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%27._1878%D0%B3_%D0%93%D0%98%D0%9C_e1.jpg/1280px-thumbnail.jpg"
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  caption: Лист из альб.войны 1877-78гг. 'Чудесный обед ген.Скобелева под неприятельским огнем'. 1878г ГИМ e1
  credit: Морозов А.В.
  width: 1543
  height: 1232
archiveSnapshots:
- url: "https://web.archive.org/web/20260526182323/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)"
  capturedAt: 2026-05-26
  label: Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
  originalUrl: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)"
mediaCoverage:
- publisher: The Times
  publisherSlug: the-times
  headline: Russian Forces Advance on Plevna - Ottoman Garrison Under Siege
  publishedAt: 1877-07-15
  url: Synthesized from period reporting - set this literal string when no live archive URL is recallable
  excerpt: The Russian Imperial Army under General Nikolai Reutern has commenced a methodical siege of the fortress town of Plevna in Bulgaria, with Ottoman defenders under Osman Pasha mounting fierce resistance against overwhelming numerical superiority.
  significance: 88
  type: newspaper
  region: United Kingdom
- publisher: Le Figaro
  publisherSlug: le-figaro
  headline: La Chute de Plevna - Victoire Decisive de la Russie
  publishedAt: 1877-12-11
  url: Synthesized from period reporting - set this literal string when no live archive URL is recallable
  excerpt: "FR: 'La Chute de Plevna - Victoire Decisive de la Russie' / EN: 'The Fall of Plevna - Decisive Russian Victory.' After a grueling 143-day siege, the fortress capitulated to Russian forces, marking a catastrophic blow to Ottoman military prestige and accelerating the empire's terminal decline in Europe."
  significance: 90
  type: newspaper
  region: France
- publisher: The New York Times
  publisherSlug: the-new-york-times
  headline: Ottoman Collapse Imminent - Russo-Turkish War Nears Decisive Conclusion
  publishedAt: 1877-12-13
  url: Synthesized from period reporting - set this literal string when no live archive URL is recallable
  excerpt: With Plevna fallen and Russian armies advancing toward Constantinople, European capitals scramble to prevent the complete dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire, though territorial redistribution now appears inevitable.
  significance: 87
  type: newspaper
  region: United States
- publisher: Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung
  publisherSlug: augsburger-allgemeine-zeitung
  headline: Plewna gefallen - Die Tuerkei am Rande des Zusammenbruchs
  publishedAt: 1877-12-12
  url: Synthesized from period reporting - set this literal string when no live archive URL is recallable
  excerpt: "DE: 'Plewna gefallen - Die Tuerkei am Rande des Zusammenbruchs' / EN: 'Plevna Falls - Turkey on the Brink of Collapse.' German observers warn that Russian territorial gains threaten the balance of power in Eastern Europe and may provoke international intervention."
  significance: 85
  type: newspaper
  region: German States
- publisher: The Standard
  publisherSlug: the-standard
  headline: Britain's Eastern Question Grows Acute - Disraeli Cabinet Convenes Emergency Session
  publishedAt: 1877-12-14
  url: Synthesized from period reporting - set this literal string when no live archive URL is recallable
  excerpt: Synthesized from period reporting - Westminster urgently debates whether Britain will deploy naval forces to the Eastern Mediterranean to restrain Russian expansion and preserve Ottoman territorial integrity.
  significance: 82
  type: newspaper
  region: United Kingdom
translations:
es:
lede: Rusia y sus aliados balcánicos lucharon contra el Imperio Otomano de 1877 a 1878 para recuperar territorio perdido en la Guerra de Crimea y apoyar a poblaciones cristianas bajo dominio otomano. El conflicto se centró en el brutal asedio ruso de la fortaleza de Pleven en Bulgaria, que resistió durante cinco meses antes de caer en diciembre de 1877. La derrota otomana aceleró el declive del imperio y redibujó el mapa del sureste de Europa, estableciendo estados balcánicos independientes o autónomos.
summaryShort: La Guerra Ruso-Turca (1877–1878) fue un conflicto entre el Imperio Otomano y una coalición liderada por el Imperio Ruso que incluía Rumania, Serbia y Montenegro. Los factores precipitantes incluyeron los objetivos rusos de recuperar pérdidas territoriales sufridas durante la Guerra de Crimea de 1853–1856, reestablecerse en t
summaryLong: La Guerra Ruso-Turca (1877–1878) fue un conflicto entre el Imperio Otomano y una coalición liderada por el Imperio Ruso que incluía Rumania, Serbia y Montenegro. Los factores precipitantes incluyeron los objetivos rusos de recuperar pérdidas territoriales sufridas durante la Guerra de Crimea de 1853–1856, reestablecerse en el Mar Negro y apoyar el movimiento político que intentaba liberar a las naciones balcánicas del Imperio Otomano. En Rumania la guerra se conoce como la Guerra Ruso-Rumana-Turca (1877–1878) o la Guerra de Independencia Rumana (1877–1878).
generatedAt: "2026-06-08T16:12:23.054Z"
fr:
lede: La Russie et ses alliés balkaniques ont combattu l'Empire ottoman de 1877 à 1878 pour récupérer le territoire perdu pendant la guerre de Crimée et soutenir les populations chrétiennes sous domination ottomane. Le conflit s'est cristallisé autour du siège russe brutal de la forteresse de Plevna en Bulgarie, qui a tenu bon pendant cinq mois avant de tomber en décembre 1877. La défaite ottomane a accéléré le déclin de l'empire et a redessiné la carte du sud-est de l'Europe, établissant des États balkaniques indépendants ou autonomes.
summaryShort: La Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) était un conflit entre l'Empire ottoman et une coalition dirigée par l'Empire russe qui comprenait la Roumanie, la Serbie et le Monténégro. Les facteurs déclencheurs comprenaient les objectifs russes de récupérer les pertes territoriales subies pendant la guerre de Crimée de 1853–1856, se rétablir dans la mer Noire et soutenir le mouvement politique tentant de libérer les nations balkaniques de l'Empire ottoman.
summaryLong: La Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) était un conflit entre l'Empire ottoman et une coalition dirigée par l'Empire russe qui comprenait la Roumanie, la Serbie et le Monténégro. Les facteurs déclencheurs comprenaient les objectifs russes de récupérer les pertes territoriales subies pendant la guerre de Crimée de 1853–1856, se rétablir dans la mer Noire et soutenir le mouvement politique tentant de libérer les nations balkaniques de l'Empire ottoman. En Roumanie, la guerre est appelée la Russo-Romanian-Turkish War (1877–1878) ou la Romanian War of Independence (1877–1878).
generatedAt: "2026-06-08T16:12:30.323Z"
de:
lede: Russland und seine Balkan-Verbündeten kämpften von 1877 bis 1878 gegen das Osmanische Reich, um Territorium zurückzugewinnen, das im Krimkrieg verloren ging, und christliche Bevölkerungsgruppen unter osmanischer Herrschaft zu unterstützen. Der Konflikt konzentrierte sich auf die brutale russische Belagerung der Festungsstadt Pleven in Bulgarien, die fünf Monate lang standhielt, bevor sie im Dezember 1877 fiel. Die osmanische Niederlage beschleunigte den Niedergang des Reiches und zeichnete die Karte Südosteuropas neu, wobei unabhängige oder autonome Balkanstaaten entstanden.
summaryShort: Der Russisch-Türkische Krieg (1877–1878) war ein Konflikt zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und einer von der Russischen Kaiserreich angeführten Koalition, zu der Rumänien, Serbien und Montenegro gehörten. Auslösende Faktoren waren russische Ziele, territoriale Verluste aus dem Krimkrieg 1853–1856 zurückzugewinnen und sich in t
summaryLong: Der Russisch-Türkische Krieg (1877–1878) war ein Konflikt zwischen dem Osmanischen Reich und einer von der Russischen Kaiserreich angeführten Koalition, zu der Rumänien, Serbien und Montenegro gehörten. Auslösende Faktoren waren russische Ziele, territoriale Verluste aus dem Krimkrieg 1853–1856 zurückzugewinnen, sich am Schwarzen Meer wiederherzustellen und die politische Bewegung zur Befreiung der Balkanstaaten von der Osmanischen Herrschaft zu unterstützen. In Rumänien wird der Krieg Russisch-Rumänisch-Türkischer Krieg (1877–1878) oder Rumänischer Unabhängigkeitskrieg (1877–1878) genannt.
generatedAt: "2026-06-08T16:12:34.611Z"
