Year in review

1453

4 recaps from this year - events, occasions, and cultural moments.

Mehmed II's siege ended the 1,100-year-old Byzantine Empire and marked the symbolic transition from medieval to early modern Europe.

A 21-year-old sultan's cannons ended a millennium of Byzantine defiance.

The final collapse of the Byzantine Empire marked the end of the medieval Mediterranean order and Ottoman ascendancy.

The Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital marked the definitive end of the Eastern Roman Empire and reshaped Mediterranean geopolitics.

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